Ear Tumors in Dogs

Ear tumors are growths associated with the ear and the most common include ceruminous gland adenoma or adenocarcinoma, sebaceous gland tumor and basal cell tumor. Depending on the tumor type there may or may not be an underlying cause. Chronic inflammation may predispose tumor formation.

Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma. These tumors are rare, but they are the most common malignant tumor of the ear canal of dogs, especially cocker spaniels. They generally affect middle aged to older dogs with no sex predilection

Basal cell tumor. These tumors generally affect middle aged to older dogs and are most common in cocker spaniels and poodles.

Sebaceous gland tumors. They are more common in middle-aged to older dogs than cats, with no sex predilection. They generally affect spaniel breeds.

What to Watch For

Early in the illness, many individuals are have no clinical signs, and tumors are often incidental findings.

Skin changes on the ear

Crusts, ulcers or proliferative (excessive growth) tissue

Bleeding

Odor

Discharge

Nodular masses

Large growths filling the ear canal

Vestibular (balance) signs

Diagnosis

Baseline tests, to include a complete blood count (CBC), biochemical profile, and urinalysis, are usually within normal limits.

Thoracic (chest) radiographs (X-rays) should be taken to rule out lung metastasis (spread).

Skull radiographs may be helpful in evaluating invasiveness or surrounding tissue involvement of tumors associated with the ear canal.

CT scan may be helpful in accessing extent of tumor and is necessary prior to radiation therapy.

Biopsy is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment depends on the tumor type, size, and location. Surgical resection or removal is the treatment of choice. 

Surgical debulking, in which as much of the tumor as possible is removed 

Cryosurgery, which is destruction of tissue by application of extreme cold 

Hyperthermia, which is destruction of tissue by application of extreme heat

Radiation therapy in large or incompletely excised masses (ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma)

Home Care and Prevention

Follow all instructions given to you by your veterinarian. If your pet has a recurrence of signs, contact your veterinarian at once. Prognosis varies depending on the type, location, size, and ability to remove the tumor surgically.

Preventing ear tumors can be difficult. Prompt treatment of chronic ear problems can help.